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Linux
Linux
01. Operatsion tizim
01. Operatsion tizim
Kompyuter va operatsion tizim
Linux: dunyoni boshqarayotgan tizim
Linux: dunyoni boshqarayotgan tizim. 2-qism
Linux: dunyoni boshqarayotgan tizim. 3-qism
Linux distributivlari
Linuxni o'rnatish
02. Shell va terminal
02. Shell va terminal
Shell va Bash qanday ishlaydi?
Buyruq sintaksisi va yordam hujjatlari
Fayl va katalog buyruqlari
Matn fayllarini ko‘rish
Terminal matn muharrirlari: Nano va Vim
Aliaslar va muhit o‘zgaruvchilari
03. Matn, qidiruv va oqimlar
03. Matn, qidiruv va oqimlar
Finding Files and Text
Streams, Pipes, and Redirection
Rewriting Text: sed and awk
Archiving and Compression: tar, gzip, zip
04. Linux fayl tizimi modeli
04. Linux fayl tizimi modeli
Disk and File System Basics
Linux Filesystem Hierarchy
Paths and File Types
Hard and Symbolic Links
Mounting File Systems
05. Foydalanuvchilar, guruhlar va ruxsatlar
05. Foydalanuvchilar, guruhlar va ruxsatlar
Users and Groups
File Permissions (rwx)
Ownership
Special Permissions (SUID, SGID, Sticky)
umask
Root and sudo
Permission Security
06. Process va tizim resurslari
06. Process va tizim resurslari
Dasturlar va processlar
Processlarni kuzatish
Process xotirasi
Process prioriteti
Signallar va process boshqaruvi
Foreground va background jobs
/proc fayl tizimi
07. Paketlar va dasturiy ta'minotni boshqarish
07. Paketlar va dasturiy ta'minotni boshqarish
Paketlarni boshqarish asoslari
apt va repozitoriylar
dpkg va bog‘liqliklar
Snap paketlari
Production’da yangilanishlar
RPM, YUM va DNF (RHEL oilasi)
08. Boot, kernel va systemd
08. Boot, kernel va systemd
Boot jarayoni va GRUB
Kernel modullari
init va systemd
systemd unitlari va targetlari
Xizmatlarni boshqarish
O‘z systemd xizmatini yaratish
Backend ilovani xizmat sifatida
journalctl
systemd troubleshooting
Rescue va emergency mode
Vaqt zonasi va locale sozlamalari
09. Loglar, monitoring va troubleshooting
09. Loglar, monitoring va troubleshooting
Linux loglari
Tizim loglari va dmesg
Loglarni tahlil qilish
Resurslar bo‘yicha troubleshooting
Troubleshooting jarayoni
10. Networking asoslari
11. Linux network administratsiyasi
11. Linux network administratsiyasi
IP va routing vositalari
DHCP klient va server asoslari
DNS vositalari
NetworkManager va netplan
NTP server va chronyd sozlamalari
Tarmoq diagnostikasi
12. SSH va masofaviy boshqaruv
12. SSH va masofaviy boshqaruv
SSH asoslari
SSH kalit autentifikatsiyasi
SSH konfiguratsiyasi
SSH-agent va host tekshiruvi
scp va rsync
SSH tunneling
SSH hardening
13. Disk, filesystem, LVM va storage
13. Disk, filesystem, LVM va storage
Disklar va block qurilmalar
Bo‘limlar (partitions)
RAID (mdadm)
LVM asoslari
LVM: hajmni o‘zgartirish va snapshot
LUKS disk shifrlash
Fayl tizimi turlari
Swap fayl va partition
mount va umount
fstab
NFS va autofs
Disk kvotalari
Disk bandligi (disk usage)
Disk to‘lganda troubleshooting
14. Bash scripting
14. Bash scripting
Bash skript asoslari
O‘zgaruvchilar va argumentlar
Shartlar va sikllar
Funksiyalar
Exit kodlari va xatolarni boshqarish
Loyiha: backup skripti
Loyiha: healthcheck skripti
Loyiha: log tozalash skripti
15. Scheduling, backup va automation
15. Scheduling, backup va automation
cron asoslari
crontab va system cron
cron muhiti va loglari
systemd timer: cron'ga muqobil
Backup avtomatlashtirish
16. Linux security
16. Linux security
Linux xavfsizligi asoslari
Eng kam imtiyoz (least privilege)
sudo xavfsizligi
PAM asoslari
Parol siyosatlari
SELinux va AppArmor
Firewall va UFW
iptables va nftables
fail2ban
auditd
Ruxsatlar auditi
Xavfsizlik loglarini tahlil qilish
Serverni mustahkamlash (hardening)
17. Virtualizatsiya, containerlar va DevOps
17. Virtualizatsiya, containerlar va DevOps
Linux containerlari
Namespaces va cgroups
Docker va Podman: amaliy ishlash
Linux CI/CD’da
Linux bulutda (cloud)
Infrastructure as Code asoslari
Monitoring, logging va automation
DevOps: keyingi qadamlar
18. LFCS amaliy mashqlar (labs)
18. LFCS amaliy mashqlar (labs)
Ruxsatlar labi
Foydalanuvchilarni boshqarish labi
Xizmatlarni boshqarish labi
Loglarni tahlil qilish labi
Tarmoq troubleshooting labi
SSH konfiguratsiya labi
cron automation labi
Disk bandligi labi
Bash healthcheck labi
Troubleshooting stsenariylari
19. Interview savollari
19. Interview savollari
Linux interview savollari
20. Amaliy masalalar (280)
20. Amaliy masalalar (280)
1. Fayl va katalog buyruqlari (30)
2. Matn, pipe va qidiruv (40)
3. Foydalanuvchilar va ruxsatlar (30)
4. Jarayonlar va resurslar (25)
5. systemd va xizmatlar (25)
6. Tarmoq va SSH (30)
7. Disk, fayl tizimi va LVM (25)
8. Bash skriptlash (40)
9. cron va avtomatlashtirish (15)
10. Xavfsizlik (20)
21. Savol-javob (270)
21. Savol-javob (270)
01. Operatsion tizim va Linux (15)
02. Shell va terminal (15)
03. Matn, qidiruv va oqimlar (15)
04. Fayl tizimi modeli (15)
05. Foydalanuvchilar va ruxsatlar (15)
06. Jarayonlar va resurslar (15)
07. Paketlar (15)
08. Boot, kernel va systemd (15)
09. Loglar va troubleshooting (15)
11. Linux network (15)
12. SSH (15)
13. Disk, LVM va storage (15)
14. Bash scripting (15)
15. cron va automation (15)
16. Xavfsizlik (15)
17. Container va DevOps (15)
18. LFCS labs (15)
19. Intervyu tayyorgarligi (15)
Networking
Networking
1. Networking Fundamentals
1. Networking Fundamentals
What is a computer network?
Types of networks (LAN, WAN, MAN, PAN)
Network topologies (Bus, Star, Ring, Mesh)
OSI model (7 layers)
TCP/IP model
IP addressing (IPv4, IPv6)
Subnetting basics
Subnetting basics
CIDR
Subnet mask calculation
MAC address
Ports and protocols
Ports and protocols
Introduction to ports and protocols
Well-known ports
Registered ports
Dynamic port range
Public vs Private IP
2. Protocols and Communication
2. Protocols and Communication
TCP and UDP
TCP and UDP
UDP for streaming, DNS and games
TCP for file transfer and APIs
TCP deep dive
TCP deep dive
Three-way handshake (SYN → SYN-ACK → ACK)
Connection teardown (FIN/ACK)
Sliding Window
Flow Control
Congestion Control
Slow Start
TCP Reno
TCP Cubic
TCP BBR
MTU
MSS
Fragmentation
HTTP and HTTPS
HTTP and HTTPS
HTTP
HTTPS
Reading HTTP status codes
Headers, caching and proxies
HTTP evolution
HTTP evolution
HTTP/1.1
HTTP/2 and multiplexing
HTTP/3, QUIC and UDP
FTP
SMTP
POP3
IMAP
DNS record types
DNS record types
A record
AAAA record
MX record
CNAME record
TXT record
NS record
SOA record
PTR record (reverse DNS)
SRV record
CAA record
DHCP
ARP
ICMP
ICMP
ping (the protocol view)
traceroute (the protocol view)
3. Network Devices and Tools
3. Network Devices and Tools
Network devices
Network devices
Modem
Router
Switch
Hub
Firewall (as a device)
NAT (as a device function)
Load Balancer
Proxy server
Reverse Proxy
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Command-line tools
Command-line tools
ip — addresses and routes
ss — sockets and listening ports
netcat — testing one port
ping (the command)
netstat (legacy, replaced by ss)
traceroute (the command)
mtr — path loss over time
ipconfig (Windows)
ifconfig (legacy, replaced by ip)
nslookup (legacy, replaced by dig)
dig
nmap
curl -v
Packet analysis tools
Packet analysis tools
tcpdump
Wireshark
4. Network Services
4. Network Services
DNS lookup and resolution process
DNS lookup and resolution process
Recursive DNS lookup
Iterative DNS lookup
DHCP lease process
DHCP lease process
Discover
Offer
Request
Acknowledge
NAT (as a network service)
Port forwarding
VPN basics (concepts)
CDN (Content Delivery Network)
QoS (Quality of Service)
IPv4 exhaustion and IPv6 benefits
IPv6 on a real server
5. Network Security Fundamentals
5. Network Security Fundamentals
Encryption: SSL/TLS
HTTPS and certificates (PKI)
HTTPS and certificates (PKI)
TLS handshake steps
Running certificates in production
Firewall and access control (policy)
Writing firewall rules on Linux
IDS / IPS
DoS / DDoS attacks
MITM attacks
VPN and tunneling protocols
Zero Trust Network Architecture
Rate Limiting and API Gateway
Security best practices
6. Advanced and Real-World Topics
6. Advanced and Real-World Topics
Latency vs Bandwidth
WebSocket vs HTTP
Server-Sent Events (SSE)
gRPC and HTTP/2
CDN internal mechanisms
CDN internal mechanisms
Edge and Origin servers
Cache invalidation and updates
Anycast, Unicast and Multicast
Traffic Shaping and Throttling
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
Load Balancing algorithms
Load Balancing algorithms
Round Robin
Least Connections
Weighted algorithm
IP Hash
7. Socket Programming
7. Socket Programming
What is a socket and how does it work?
TCP echo server
TCP echo server
TCP echo server with Python
Working with UDP sockets
Understanding the client-server model in code
8. Hands-on Practice
8. Hands-on Practice
Home network lab
Home network lab
Virtual home network lab
Real home network lab
Monitoring packets with Wireshark
Building a simple HTTP server and testing with curl
Observing the TLS handshake with curl -v
Creating DNS records on Cloudflare
Setting up a VPN with WireGuard
Setting up a VPN with OpenVPN
Setting up a Reverse Proxy with Nginx
Testing TCP/UDP traffic with iperf
Deploying and testing a TCP echo server
9. Troubleshooting
9. Troubleshooting
Connection refused, timed out, and the rest
When name resolution is the problem
Diagnosing a failed TLS handshake
10. Container and Cloud Networking
10. Container and Cloud Networking
The Docker bridge and port publishing
Host, none and overlay networks
Kubernetes Services
Cluster DNS and network policy
VPCs, subnets and the two firewalls
Database
Database
Relatsion ma'lumotlar ombori
Relatsion ma'lumotlar ombori
MOBT(DBMS) nima va uning vazifalari
Relatsion model nima?
Jadval, satr, ustun tushunchasi
Asosiy va tashqi kalit
Normallashtirish formalari (1NF, 2NF, 3NF)
Saqlash mexanizmi
Saqlash mexanizmi
Ma'lumotlar diskda qanday saqlanadi?
Page va Block tushunchasi
Page layout qanday ishlaydi?
Row format
Disk I/O va Database ishlashi
Buffer Pool nima?
Indexlar
Indexlar
Index nima va nima uchun kerak?
B-Tree index qanday ishlaydi?
Clustered vs Non-Clustered Index
Composite Index
Covering Index
Transactions va Concurrency
Transactions va Concurrency
Transaction nima?
ACID: Ishonchning 4 ustuni
Isolation darajalari
Dirty Read, Non-repeatable Read, Phantom Read
Locking qanday ishlaydi?
MVCC nima?
Deadlock qanday yuz beradi?
Qayta tiklash
Qayta tiklash
Write Ahead Log (WAL)
Checkpoint nima?
Crash Recovery qanday ishlaydi?
So'rovlarni qayta ishlash
So'rovlarni qayta ishlash
SQL qanday ishlaydi?
SELECT so'rovi qanday bajariladi?
JOIN qanday ishlaydi?
Query planner nima?
Execution plan nima?
Kengayish
Kengayish
Replication nima?
Partitioning nima?
Sharding nima?
CAP teoremasi
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL
PostgreSQL nima va qachon ishlatiladi?
PostgreSQL arxitekturasi
Process va Memory modeli
WAL va Crash Recovery
MVCC PostgreSQL'da
Indekslar: B-Tree va Hash
Query planner va execution plan
VACUUM va Autovacuum
Locking va Concurrency
Replication va High Availability
Partitioning
Performance
System Design
System Design
Kompyuter Asoslari
Kompyuter Asoslari
Kompyuter qanday ishlaydi?
CPU (Markaziy protsessor)
RAM (Tezkor xotira)
Doimiy xotira(Disk)
Operatsion tizim (OS), Process, Thread, Scheduling
Web: Internet, IP, Domain, DNS
Client-Server Arxitekturasi
Request va Response modeli
Tarmoq Asoslari va HTTP
Tarmoq Asoslari va HTTP
OSI modeli
IP protokoli
TCP
UDP
TCP va UDP
HTTP protokoli
API Dizayni
API Dizayni
REST API
GraphQL
WebSockets
gRPC va RPC
Masshtablash va samaradorlik
Masshtablash va samaradorlik
Vertikal va gorizontal kengayish
Stateful va Stateless arxitektura
Load Balancer
CDN (Content Delivery Network)
Avto kengayish
Rate Limiting va Throttling
Ma'lumotlar omborlari
Ma'lumotlar omborlari
Ma'lumotlar ombori nima?
Transaction va ACID
Relatsion ma'lumotlar ombori
Indexlar va Query Optimizer
Replication va Sharding
NoSQL ma'lumotlar ombori
Graph va Time-series ma'lumotlar ombori
Caching(TTL, E-Tag, Jitter, eventual consistency
Asynchronous va Event-driven tizimlar
Asynchronous va Event-driven tizimlar
Event-driven tizim
Message queues (Kafka, RabbitMQ)
Pub/Sub
Monitoring va Observability
Monitoring va Observability
Logging, Metrics, Tracing
Alerting va SLA/SLO
Blog
Websockets